Setting Up .profile and .kshrc

.profile

PS1=`hostname`'-$LOGNAME $PWD>#'

PATH=/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/dt/bin/:/usr/openwin/bin:/bin:/usr/ucb

stty erase ^H

ENV=/.kshrc

export PS1 PATH ENV

 

.kshrc

set -o vi

alias 'c=clear'

*여기서 alias 는 별칭으로써 단축키 설정에 쓰임

  -o는 활성화 시킨다는 것임 비활성화는 +o

.profile .kshrc .exrc 설정 solaris 2008/12/19 21:05 http://blog.naver.com/yongtil/40059002757 /.profile 1 set -o vi  -->  ksh에 vi기능키 연결 2 VISUAL=vi  -->  응용프로그램의 editor등록 3 EDITOR=vi  -->  응용프로그램의 editor등록 4 ENV=.kshrc -->  추가 환경 file 5 export VISUAL EDITOR ENV -->  child process에 상속별 변동 목록에 등록 ----------------------------- /.kshrc 1 PS1='"[$USER $PWD]#"' -->  prompt status 모양 만들기 2 3 alias c='clear' 4 alias ll='ls -aild' 5 alias hi='fc -l" /.exrc  -->  vi에서 초기환경설정 se nu se ts=4 set showmode

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When the POSIX or Korn Shell is your login shell, it looks for these following files and executes them, if they exist:

/etc/profile

This default system file is executed by the shell program and sets up default environment variables.

.profile

If this file exists in your home directory, it is executed next at login.

At any time—this includes login time—the POSIX or Korn Shell is invoked, it looks for the file referenced by the following shell variable, and executes it, if it exists:

ENV

When you invoke the shell, it looks for a shell variable called ENV which is usually set in your .profile. ENV is evaluated and if it is set to an existing file, that file is executed. By convention, ENV is usually set to .kshrc but may be set to any file name.

These files provide the means for customizing the shell environment to fit your needs.

Setting up .profile

The shell script, .profile, sets your environment by defining commands, variables, and parameters at login. These values, if the variables are exported, are global and available to subshells and subprocesses. Here is an example .profile file:

PATH=/bin/posix:/usr/bin:/usr/lib:/bin:/users/mary/bin:. MAIL=/usr/mail/mary HOME=/users/mary EDITOR=/usr/bin/vi ENV='${START[ (_$- = 1) + (_ = 0) - (_$- != _${-%%*i*}) ]}' START=~/.kshrc TERM=hp2392 export ENV START EDITOR TERM PATH MAIL HOME stty sane susp ^Z if mail -e then echo "You have mail." fi PS1="$ "

Each line of the example .profile file, except the if statement and the stty command, shows a POSIX or Korn Shell variable:

• PATH defines the search path for the shell to look up commands (executable programs or utilities) in the system file structure. Each directory in the path is separated with a colon (:). When a command is executed, the shell looks in each of the directories specified in PATH to find the command. When you type ksh, the shell checks /usr/bin first and then /usr/lib and so on down the PATH line until it finds the directory where the ksh program resides. In this instance, ksh is found in the third directory, /bin.

• MAIL names the file in which your mail is delivered. The if statement checks whether new mail has arrived and notifies you.

• HOME sets your home directory to the directory where the shell places you when you execute the cd (change directory) command with no options. This is usually set automatically by the shell at login.

• EDITOR sets your default editor to the vi editor. Then whenever you need to perform inline command changes, you immediately enter vi mode. If you have never used the vi editor, see Using HP-UX, or The Ultimate Guide to the vi and ex Text Editors.

• ENV is normally assigned to be .kshrc, to be executed whenever a shell is spawned. For example:

  ENV=~/.kshrc

  In this example ENV is directly set to .kshrc in your home directory. The ~ specifies your HOME directory (see “Tilde Substitution” for more details). If your .kshrc is very long and involved, spawning a new shell can take a while. The ENV line displayed in the screen above, although complicated, causes the .kshrc to not be executed, unless you are in an interactive shell, and therefore quickly spawns a new shell. (For a complete explanation of this command line, the START command line, and interactive shells, see Chapter 23 “Advanced Concepts and Commands”.)

• TERM sets the terminal type for which output should be prepared. (You should set this to the terminal type you are on.)

• The export command puts the values of these parameters in the environment (makes them global) so that subprocesses have access to them.

• The stty command sets terminal characteristics to the default (i.e., sane) values. You should also set susp to ^Z—that's CTRL -Z—so you can get job control.

This is an example of just one .profile. When you create your own .profile using an editor, you can set many different shell variables depending on how you want the environment set up. See Table 16-1 “Shell Parameters” for a listing of possible variables.

Setting up ENV

This shell script sets values, such as path names and aliases. These values can then be accessed by shell subprocesses. A ENV file may look like:

lg=/abbreviation/of/long/path/name alias who='who | sort ' set -o monitor trap "$HOME/.logout" 0

The first line of the example ENV file sets an abbreviation for a long path name of a directory. The variable lg contains the long path name, and executing:

cd $lg

moves you to the /abbreviation/of/long/path/name directory. Note the dollar sign ($) placed before a parameter, in this case $lg, designates using the value of that parameter.

The alias command is explained in Chapter 18 “Aliasing: Abbreviating Commands” and the set command is explained in Chapter 23 “Advanced Concepts and Commands”. The trap command line is explained in “Terminating the Shell”. (The above example just gives you an idea of the types of things to put in an ENV file.)

You can create your own ENV file using an editor, but you must set the ENV variable to the name of that file in .profile or the system does not read it when invoking a new shell. For example, if you use .kshrc as your ENV file, the line in your .profile file might look like:

export ENV=$HOME/.kshrc

The set Command

There is a command that displays current environment variables, the set command. If you type set, a listing similar to this is displayed:

$ set EDITOR=/usr/bin/vi ENV='${START[ (_$- = 1) + (_ = 0) - (_$- != _${-%%*i*}) ]}' START=~/.kshrc FCEDIT=/bin/ed OLDPWD=/usr/bin HOME=/users/mary IFS= HISTFILE=.sh_history HISTSIZE=30 LOGNAME=mary MAIL=/usr/mail/mary MAILCHECK=600 PATH=/bin/posix:/bin:/usr/lib:/usr/bin:/users/mary/bin:. PPID=29590 PS1=$ PS2=> PS3=#? PWD=/users/mary/ksht/man RANDOM=15314 SECONDS=0 SHELL=/bin/ksh START[0]=/users/mary/.kshrc TERM=hp2392 TMOUT=0 TZ=MST7MDT VISUAL=vi

For an explanation of each of these, see Table 16-1 “Shell Parameters”, and Chapter 23 “Advanced Concepts and Commands”. At this time it is not important that you understand each of these shell variables completely. These definitions will become clearer as you become familiar with the POSIX and Korn Shell.

Table 16-1 Shell Parameters

Parameter	Definition
#	Represents the number, in decimal, of positional parameters supplied to a shell script.
- (dash)	Represents the flags or options supplied to the shell, on invocation, or by other commands.
?	Represents the decimal value (exit value) returned by the last executed command.
$	Represents the process number of the last invoked shell. Note that it is not reset for parenthesis subshells.
!	Represents the process number of the last background process invoked.
- (underscore)	Represents the last argument of the previous command line (for Korn Shell only).
CDPATH	The search path for the cd command.
COLUMNS	This parameter, when set, defines the width of the edit window for the shell edit modes (vi, emacs, gmacs) and for printing lists from the select command.
EDITOR	When the VISUAL parameter is not set and the value of this parameter ends in emacs, gmacs, or vi, then the corresponding set -o option is turned on. (See the set command in Chapter 23 “Advanced Concepts and Commands”.)
ENV	If this parameter is set to a script's name, when a shell is invoked the script is executed by the new shell prior to going interactive.
FCEDIT	Specifies the name of the editor to use when the fc command is executed and the fc command does not designate an editor.
IFS	Internal Field Separators (usually space, tab, and newline), which are used to separate command words during command or parameter substitution and when using the read command.
HISTFILE	This is set to the path name of the file to be used to store the command history. The default is .sh_history.
HISTSIZE	This is set to the number of saved commands accessible by the shell. The default size is 128.
HOME	The default for the cd command, which is your home directory.
LINES	When this is set to a value, that value determines the column length for printing lists created by the select command.
MAIL	If this parameter is set to the name of a mail file and the MAILPATH parameter is not set, then the shell tells you mail has arrived in the named file.
MAILCHECK	This parameter specifies how often (in seconds) the shell checks for the arrival of new mail. The default is 600 seconds.
MAILPATH	The colon (:) separated search path for mail files. The shell informs you of mail arriving in any file in the list within the time specified by MAILCHECK. If you follow each mail file in the search path with a question mark (?), the message immediately following the ? appears on the screen instead of the default message.
PATH	The search path for commands.
PPID	The process number of the parent of the current shell. If you execute ps -f, you will see this number under the PPID heading. Associated with this PPID is a PID, which is the current process number.
PS1	Defines the primary prompt string for a shell. The default is $. If you precede the $ with the ! character, the primary prompt string includes the number of the current command.
PS2	Secondary prompt string, by default "> ", used on command or script continuation lines.
PS3	The prompt string used with the select command, by default "#?".
PWD	The present working directory set by the last cd command.
OLDPWD	The previous working directory set by the last cd command.
RANDOM	This parameter generates a random integer when referenced.
REPLY	This parameter is set by the select and read commands when no arguments are supplied on the select command line. Instead, the PS3 prompt is printed and the lines read from standard input are placed in REPLY.
SECONDS	Returns the number of seconds since the shell was invoked.
SHELL	The path name where the shell itself lives. This refers to the user's preferred shell.
TMOUT	If this parameter is set to a value greater than zero and you do not enter another command or Return within that number of seconds, the shell terminates.
VISUAL	When this variable is set and ends in emacs, gmacs, or vi, then the corresponding set -o option is turned on. (See the set command in Chapter 23 “Advanced Concepts and Commands”.)

 

The following variables are set automatically at login:

# $ - ?
HOME OLDPWD PPID PWD
RANDOM REPLY SECONDS SHELL

These variables are given default values in the default login script:

IFS MAILCHECK PATH
PS1 PS2 PS3 TMOUT

Again, use the set command to check these values before editing or creating a .profile that changes them.